Quiz

Question 1: What is the main idea of the news report?

Answer: Most American colleges and universities require no ACT or SAT scores this fall.

Question 2: What do we learn about the test-optional trend?

Answer: It has developed faster during the pandemic.

Question 3: What is the news report mainly about?

Answer: South African students to study in China with scholarships.

Question 4: Which does the news report say about Maria Smith?

Answer: She has received a Chinese government scholarship.

Question 5: How long has Sara been there?

Answer: For about an hour.

Question 6: What do we learn about the dormitory building?

Answer: There is a bathroom on each floor.

Question 7: What do both Jessica and Sara like?

Answer: Watching TV.

Question 8: What do we learn about speakers?

Answer: They are in the same university.

Question 9: Why does the man choose to attend a university in California?

Answer: He wants to have different experiences.

Question 10: What does the woman plan on majoring in?

Answer: Engineering.

Question 11: What do we learn about the relationship between a major and a minor?

Answer: They are not necessarily related to each other.

Question 12: What is a potential problem with having a minor?

Answer: Students would not have enough time for their major.

Question 13: In what circumstances are students advised to choose a minor unrelated to their major?

Answer: If they are really interested in a subject.

Question 14: Who is the speaker talking to?

Answer: New university students.

Question 15: What is the university professor not responsible for?

Answer: Making students learn.

Question 16: What are university students advised to do?

Answer: Think about what they hear.

Question 17: comprehensive

Answer: complete and including everything that is necessary

Question 18: comprehensive

Answer: complete and including everything that is necessary

Question 19: faculty

Answer: all the teachers in a university, college, or school

Question 20: faculty

Answer: all the teachers in a university, college, or school

Question 21: assume

Answer: think that sth. is true, although you do not have definite proof

Question 22: assume

Answer: think that sth. is true, although you do not have definite proof

Question 23: foundation

Answer: the most basic part of sth. from which the rest of it develops

Question 24: foundation

Answer: the most basic part of sth. from which the rest of it develops

Question 25: overwhelm
 

Answer: exist in such great amounts that sb. or sth. cannot deal with them

Question 26: overwhelm
 

Answer: exist in such great amounts that sb. or sth. cannot deal with them

Question 27: inherit
 

Answer: receive a belief, tradition, or way of life from people who lived before you

Question 28: inherit
 

Answer: receive a belief, tradition, or way of life from people who lived before you

Question 29: facility

Answer: rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose

Question 30: facility

Answer: rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose

Question 31: unique

Answer: very special, unusual, or good

Question 32: unique

Answer: very special, unusual, or good

Question 33: explore

Answer: examine or discuss a subject, idea, etc. thoroughly

Question 34: explore

Answer: examine or discuss a subject, idea, etc. thoroughly

Question 35: resource

Answer: sth. you can use to help you to achieve sth., esp. in your work or study

Question 36: resource

Answer: sth. you can use to help you to achieve sth., esp. in your work or study

Question 37: pledge

Answer: make a formal, usu. public, promise that you will do sth.

Question 38: pledge

Answer: make a formal, usu. public, promise that you will do sth.

Question 39: routine

Answer: your usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time

Question 40: routine

Answer: your usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time

Question 41: acquire

Answer: gain knowledge or learn a skill

Question 42: acquire

Answer: gain knowledge or learn a skill

Question 43: pursue

Answer: try to achieve sth.

Question 44: pursue

Answer: try to achieve sth.

Question 45: abundant

Answer: existing or available in large quantities

Question 46: abundant

Answer: existing or available in large quantities

Question 47: responsibility

Answer: sth. that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right

Question 48: responsibility

Answer: sth. that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right

Question 49: virtually

Answer: almost

Question 50: virtually

Answer: almost

Question 51: triumph

Answer: an important victory or success after a difficult struggle

Question 52: triumph

Answer: an important victory or success after a difficult struggle

Question 53: draft

Answer: sth. such as a plan, letter, or drawing that may have changes made to it before it is finished

Question 54: draft

Answer: sth. such as a plan, letter, or drawing that may have changes made to it before it is finished

Question 55: enrich

Answer: improve the quality of sth., esp. by adding things to it

Question 56: enrich

Answer: improve the quality of sth., esp. by adding things to it

Question 57: fascinating

Answer: extremely interesting and attractive

Question 58: fascinating

Answer: extremely interesting and attractive

Question 59: emerge

Answer: appear or become recognized

Question 60: emerge

Answer: appear or become recognized

Question 61: available

Answer: able to be obtained, taken, or used

Question 62: available

Answer: able to be obtained, taken, or used

Question 63: reap

Answer: get sth. as a result of sth. you have done

Question 64: reap

Answer: get sth. as a result of sth. you have done

Question 65: eonardo da Vinci combined his studies in art with his love of science and nature, which made him a well-known painter, engineer and scientist.

Answer: E E Leonardo da Vinci combined his studies in art with his love of science and nature, which made him a well-known painter, engineer and scientist.

Question 66: our achievements come from the efforts of your own, your parents and your teachers.

Answer: A A Your achievements come from the efforts of your own, your parents and your teachers.

Question 67: n the college, you may feel unhappy because of having many new experiences.

Answer: F F In the college, you may feel unhappy because of having many new experiences.

 

Question 68: he teachers will open the door to the great step in your journey.

Answer: H H The teachers will open the door to the great step in your journey.
 

Question 69: ou have responsibilities to build a strong and beautiful future for the generations that will come after you.

Answer: G G You have responsibilities to build a strong and beautiful future for the generations that will come after you.
 

Question 70: ou should know that the bright future is based on a strong foundation of the past.

Answer: C C You should know that the bright future is based on a strong foundation of the past.
 

Question 71: ou may take full advantage of the college experience, your energy and your enthusiasm to achieve the benefits.

Answer: D D You may take full advantage of the college experience, your energy and your enthusiasm to achieve the benefits.
 

Question 72: ollege offers many things to do and to learn, you should challenge yourself.

Answer: E E College offers many things to do and to learn, you should challenge yourself.

Question 73: our journey toward self-discovery will yield more than personal advancement.

Answer: G G Your journey toward self-discovery will yield more than personal advancement.
 

Question 74: n the college, you will have more happy experiences than unhappy ones.

Answer: F F In the college, you will have more happy experiences than unhappy ones.
 

Question 75:

Toward a brighter future for all
（本题作答提示，在空格处填写对应段落的大写字母编号）
A) Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.

B) In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. “Pose naturally,” Mom instructed us. “Wait!” said Dad. “Let’s take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock.” The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.

C) Let me share with you something that you may not expect. You will miss your old routines and your parents’ reminders to work hard and attain your best. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on the strong foundation of the past.

D) For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest- from the arts to science, to community service, and so on. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.

E) You may feel overwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you. You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely! College offers many things to do and to learn, and each of them offers a different way to see the world. If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself! Don’t assume that you know in advance what fields will interest you the most. Take some courses in fields you have never tried before. You will not only emerge as a more broadly-educated person, but also stand a better chance of discovering an unsuspected passion that will help to shape your future. A wonderful example of this is Leonardo da Vinci, who originally studied painting and sculpture. Over time, Leonardo da Vinci paired his studies in art with his love of science and nature, which made him a famous painter, sculptor, draftsman, engineer, scientist, and architect.

F) Here at the university, it may not always be pleasant to have so many new experiences all at once. In your dorm, the student next door may repeatedly play the one song, which gives you a giant headache. You may be an early bird while your roommate is a night owl. And still, you and your roommate may become best friends. Don’t worry if you become a little uncomfortable with some of your new experiences. I promise you that the happy experiences will outweigh the unpleasant ones. And I promise that virtually all of them will provide you with valuable lessons which will enrich your life. So, with a glow in your eyes and a song in your heart, step forward to meet these new experiences!  

G) We have confidence that your journey toward self-discovery and your progress toward finding your own passion will yield more than personal advancement. We believe that as you become members of our community of scholars, you will soon come to recognize that with the abundant opportunities for self-enrichment provided by the university, there also come responsibilities. A wise man said: “Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.” You are the inheritors of the hard work of your families and the hard work of many countless others who came before you. They built and transmitted the knowledge you will need to succeed. Now it is your turn. What knowledge will you acquire? What passions will you discover? What will you do to build a strong and prosperous future for the generations that will come after you?

H) We take great pleasure in opening the door to this great step in your journey. We take delight in the many opportunities which you will find, and in the responsibilities that you will carry as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world. Welcome!

Answer: ['E', 'A', 'F', 'H', 'G', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'G', 'F']

Question 76: How might people often feel when they were misnamed?

Answer: Unhappy.

Question 77: What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?

Answer: It is related to the way our memories work.

Question 78: What is most likely the cause of misnaming?

Answer: Similar pronunciation of names.

Question 79: What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?

Answer: It most often occurs within a relationship groups.

Question 80: Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?

Answer: They communicate more with their children.

Question 81:

If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?

Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.

The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”

The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.

The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.

In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.

Answer: ['Unhappy.', 'It is related to the way our memories work.', 'Similar pronunciation of names.', 'It most often occurs within a relationship groups.', 'They communicate more with their children.']

Question 82: Why does the father say college will be the most important years of his child’s life?

Answer: Because the child will find out what learning is about in college

Question 83: According to the father, what kind of courses should be taken?

Answer: Courses that can stimulate one’s passion.

Question 84: What does the word “dots” refer to in Para. 4?

Answer: New and seemingly unconnected things.

Question 85: According to the father, what are the most important instruments we will ever possess?

Answer: A healthy body and a sound mind.

Question 86: What is the father eager to see?

Answer: What his child will develop into.

Question 87:

My dear child,

You are about to participate in the next leg of your journey through life. For us, this part is bittersweet. As you go off to college, exciting new worlds will open up to you. They will inspire and challenge you; you will grow in incredible ways.

This is also a moment of sadness. Your departure to college makes it undeniably clear that you are no longer a child. There has been no greater joy than watching you arrive at this moment. You have turned our greatest challenge into our greatest pride. Although we have brought you to this point, it is hard to watch you depart. Remember above all things, we will miss you.

College will be the most important time of your life. It is here that you will truly discover what learning is about. You often ask, “Why do I need to know this?” I encourage you to stay inquisitive, but remember this: “Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school.” What you learn is not as important as the fact that you learn. This is the heart of scholarship: moving from teacher-taught to master-inspired, on over to the point where you become a self-learner. So, take each subject seriously, and if something doesn’t immediately engage you, don’t despair. Embrace it as a challenge. Find a way to make it your own.

Of course, you must still take care to sign up for courses which stimulate your passion and your intellectual capacity. Don’t be bound by what other people think. Steve Jobs said, when you are in college, your passion will create many dots, and later in your life you will connect them. So, don’t worry too much about what job you will have; don't be too practical. If you like French or Korean, study it even if someone else tells you that it’s not useful. Enjoy picking your “dots”. Be assured that one day, you will find your own meaningful career, and you will connect a beautiful curve through those dots.

You know that we always want you to do your best, but don’t let the pressure of grades get to you. We care only that you try your very best, and that you learn. It is better that your greatest effort earns a lesser grade than that no effort earns you a decent or higher grade. Grades in the end are simply letters fit to give the vain something to boast about, and the lazy something to fear. You are too good to be either. The reward is not the grade but what you learn.

More importantly, make friends and trust others. The friends you make in college can be the best ones you will ever have. During these years, when you move into adulthood, the friends you make in college live closer to you than your family. You will form bonds of friendship that will blossom over many decades. Pick friends who are genuine and sincere. Select a few and become truly close to them. Don’t worry about their hobbies, grades, or looks. Instead, trust your instincts when you make new friends. You are a genuine and sincere person; anyone would enjoy your friendship. So be confident, secure, and proactive. If you think you like someone, tell them. You have very little to lose. Don't be afraid to trust. Give others the benefit of the doubt, and don’t reduce anyone to stereotypes. Nobody is perfect; as long as others are genuine, trust them and be good to them. They will give back.

Remember also that your youth is full of strength and beauty, something that you will not comprehend until it is gone. You must guard and cultivate your strength and beauty. A healthy body and a sound mind are the greatest instruments you will ever possess. Enjoy life. Dance if you feel like it. Don’t be afraid of what other people think. But also keep yourself safe and sound. Don’t let the range of new experiences take your innocence, health, or curiosity away from you. Treasure your youth and the university experience before you.

College is the time when you have:
the first taste of independence,
the greatest amount of free time,
the most flexibility to change,
the lowest cost for making mistakes.

Approach these years enthusiastically! Make the most of your time. Become the great thinker you were born to be. Let your talents evolve to their fullest potential. Be bold! Experiment! Learn and grow! We are enormously proud that you’ve made it this far, and we can’t wait to see what you will become.
                                                                       Love,
                                                                       Your father

Answer: ['Because the child will find out what learning is about in college', 'Courses that can stimulate one’s passion.', 'New and seemingly unconnected things.', 'A healthy body and a sound mind.', 'What his child will develop into.']

Question 88: 我想鼓励你们充分利用这一段独特的经历，并用你们的干劲儿和热情去收获这一机会所能带来的成果。

Answer: I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.

Question 89: 如今，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，也越来越得到整个国际社会的关注。

Answer: Nowadays, the teachings of Confucius are not only valued by the Chinese people, but are also attracting increasing attention from the international community.

Question 90: 它是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代思想家和文学家产生了很大影响。

Answer: It is a classic of ancient Chinese culture, and it has had a great influence on the thinkers and writers of later generations.

Question 91: 《论语》收录了孔子的思想。

Answer: The Analects is a collection of the thoughts of Confucius.

Question 92: 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派的创始人。

Answer: Confucius was a well-known thinker and educator in Chinese history, and he was the founder of Confucianism.

Question 93:

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to a short eassay on How to succeed in college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Outlines: 
1.指出想在大学里取得成功需要的要素。
2.针对细节进行展开。
3.总结。

Answer: How to succeed in college　　There are some things you can do to succeed in college.        First, pursue your passions. Your passions will broaden your mind and make your life interesting. You can make some plans, chat with friends or parents to keep your passion every day.Second, never let go of any opportunities that come your way. College is full of unique opportunities, which will enable you to sample new things and meet wonderful people. For example, the university can provide you with opportunities to attend some exchange programs abroad, which will make you broaden your eyesight and make new friends. You can also participate in competitions in the university to improve your English skills. Lastly, take responsibilities. In college you must learn to be responsible for your own decisions and actions. For example, you can make decisions on whether to keep studying in the future, or go to work after graduation. You will take responsibilities in making decisions.        With passions, opportunities, and the ability to take responsibilities, you will become successful not only in college but also in your future career.

Question 94: Who inspired Emma to create the app?

Answer: Her grandma.

Question 95: What do we learn about the app?

Answer: It may help Alzheimer's patients in many ways.

Question 96: What are social media users in France discouraged from doing?

Answer: Sharing pictures of their kids on social media.

Question 97: What do we learn about the "motherhood challenge"?

Answer: It is a recent trend among moms on social media.

Question 98: Why did Peter have this talk with Paul?

Answer: To talk about his problem with his mother.

Question 99: Why did Peter's mother call the Office of Students' Affairs?

Answer: To complain about Peter's roommate.

Question 100: What advice did Paul give to Peter?

Answer: To talk with his mother about his feelings.

Question 101: How do many kids feel about having a new baby at home according to the woman?

Answer: Excited.

Question 102: Why do kids feel unhappy about having a second kid at home?

Answer: The newcomer takes much of the parents' time and attention.

Question 103: What can be concluded from the conversation?

Answer: Children learn social and emotional skills in various ways.

Question 104: Why did people begin to celebrate Father's Day?

Answer: To remember the men killed in a mining accident.

Question 105: Why wasn't Father's Day officially recognized as a holiday until 1972?

Answer: People didn't want another commercialized holiday.

Question 106: What gifts do fathers commonly receive on Father's Day?

Answer: Electronics, ties, and shirts.

Question 107: What did the speaker's parents expect her to do?

Answer: Go to college

Question 108: What happened to the speaker when she was 16?

Answer: She fell in love with someone.

Question 109: What do we learn about the speaker's parents?

Answer: They respect their daughter's decisions.

Question 110: plague

Answer: an uncontrolled and harmful increase in the numbers of a particular animal or insect

Question 111: plague

Answer: an uncontrolled and harmful increase in the numbers of a particular animal or insect

Question 112: donation

Answer: sth., esp. money, that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them

Question 113: donation

Answer: sth., esp. money, that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them

Question 114: sore

Answer: painful and uncomfortable, usu. as a result of an injury, infection, or too much exercise

Question 115: sore

Answer: painful and uncomfortable, usu. as a result of an injury, infection, or too much exercise

Question 116: pants

Answer: trousers

Question 117: pants

Answer: trousers

Question 118: sack

Answer: a large strong bag for storing and carrying things

Question 119: sack

Answer: a large strong bag for storing and carrying things

Question 120: embarrassment

Answer: sb. or sth. that makes you feel ashamed

Question 121: embarrassment

Answer: sb. or sth. that makes you feel ashamed

Question 122:  stack

Answer: make things into a neat pile, or form a neat pile

Question 123:  stack

Answer: make things into a neat pile, or form a neat pile

Question 124: stuff

Answer: push or put sth. into a small space, esp. in a quick careless way

Question 125: stuff

Answer: push or put sth. into a small space, esp. in a quick careless way

Question 126: haul

Answer: pull sth. heavy with a continuous steady movement

Question 127: haul

Answer: pull sth. heavy with a continuous steady movement

Question 128: clumsy

Answer: not easy to use and often large and heavy

Question 129: clumsy

Answer: not easy to use and often large and heavy

Question 130: charity

Answer: organizations in general that give money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick, etc.

Question 131: charity

Answer: organizations in general that give money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick, etc.

Question 132: await

Answer: wait for sth.

Question 133: await

Answer: wait for sth.

Question 134: reverse

Answer: change sth., such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is the opposite of what it was before

Question 135: reverse

Answer: change sth., such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is the opposite of what it was before

Question 136: fiction

Answer: books and stories about imaginary people and events

Question 137: fiction

Answer: books and stories about imaginary people and events

Question 138: band

Answer: a flat, narrow piece of sth. with one end joined to the other to form a circle

Question 139: band

Answer: a flat, narrow piece of sth. with one end joined to the other to form a circle

Question 140: token

Answer: sth. that represents a feeling, fact, event, etc.

Question 141: token

Answer: sth. that represents a feeling, fact, event, etc.

Question 142: efficiency

Answer: the quality of doing sth. well and effectively, without wasting time, money, or energy

Question 143: efficiency

Answer: the quality of doing sth. well and effectively, without wasting time, money, or energy

Question 144: paste

Answer: a soft thick mixture that can easily be shaped or spread

Question 145: paste

Answer: a soft thick mixture that can easily be shaped or spread

Question 146: dump

Answer: empty out a container, vehicle, as by overturning or tilting

Question 147: dump

Answer: empty out a container, vehicle, as by overturning or tilting

Question 148: strain

Answer: pull hard at sth. or push hard against sth.

Question 149: strain

Answer: pull hard at sth. or push hard against sth.

Question 150: polish

Answer: a substance used when rubbing a surface to make it smooth and shiny

Question 151: polish

Answer: a substance used when rubbing a surface to make it smooth and shiny

Question 152: curb

Answer: the raised edge of a road, between where people can walk and cars can drive

Question 153: curb

Answer: the raised edge of a road, between where people can walk and cars can drive

Question 154: ridiculous

Answer: very silly or unreasonable

Question 155: ridiculous

Answer: very silly or unreasonable

Question 156: curl

Answer: form a curved or round shape, or give sth. this shape

Question 157: curl

Answer: form a curved or round shape, or give sth. this shape

Question 158: read her name in the upper right-hand corner of each paper, printed or typed neatly.

Answer: F F I read her name in the upper right-hand corner of each paper, printed or typed neatly.

Question 159: DO NOT THROW AWAY” is marked on a large brown envelope in the bed.

Answer: M M  “DO NOT THROW AWAY” is marked on a large brown envelope in the bed.

Question 160: want to put the books in paper bags for the used bookstore but finally put them back on the bookshelf because of love.

Answer: G G I want to put the books in paper bags for the used bookstore but finally put them back on the bookshelf because of love.

Question 161: he mother believes the girl will appreciate her cleaning work when she starts to use laundry machines.

Answer: K K The mother believes the girl will appreciate her cleaning work when she starts to use laundry machines.

Question 162: here are photos, letters, cards and notes in the envelope by which the mother is very much moved.

Answer: M M There are photos, letters, cards and notes in the envelope by which the mother is very much moved.

Question 163: empty the drawer, clear the shelves and turn the embarrassing bathroom to a neat hotel one.

Answer: E E I empty the drawer, clear the shelves and turn the embarrassing bathroom to a neat hotel one.

Question 164: began to understand my daughter’s idea of buying a truck and thought it was not bad.

Answer: O O I began to understand my daughter’s idea of buying a truck and thought it was not bad.

Question 165: hen the daughter comes back, she will become an independent woman.

Answer: V V When the daughter comes back, she will become an independent woman.

Question 166: can’t believe a girl can collect so many things in eighteen years.

Answer: I I I can’t believe a girl can collect so many things in eighteen years.

Question 167: change my idea and take back all the bags which I intend to throw away.

Answer: P P I change my idea and take back all the bags which I intend to throw away.

Question 168:

A child's clutter awaits an adult's return
（本题作答提示，在空格处填写对应段落的大写字母编号）

A) I watch her back her new truck out of the driveway. The vehicle is too large, too expensive. She'd refused to consider a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy to park. It's because of me, I think. She bought it to show me that she could.
 
B) "I'm 18," she'd told me so often that my teeth ached. "I am an adult!"
 
C) I thought, is that true? Just yesterday you watched some cartoons. What changed between yesterday and today?
 
D) Today she's gone, off to be an adult far away from me. I'm glad she's gone. It means she made it, and that I'm finally free of 18 years of responsibilities. And yet I wonder if she could take good care of herself.
 
E) She left a mess. Her bathroom is an embarrassment of damp towels, hair in the sink, and nearly empty tubes of toothpaste. I bring a box of big black garbage bags upstairs. Eye shadow, face cream, nail polish – all go into the trash. I dump drawers, sweep shelves clear, and clean the sink. When I am finished, it is as neat and impersonal as a hotel bathroom.
 
F) In her bedroom I find mismatched socks under her bed and purple pants on the closet floor. Desk drawers are filled with school papers, filed by year and subject. I catch myself reading through poems and essays, admiring high scores on tests, and reading her name, printed or typed neatly in the upper right-hand corner of each paper. I pack the desk contents into a box. Six months, I think. I will give her six months to collect her belongings, and then I will throw them all away. That is fair. Grown-ups pay for storage.
 
G) I have to pause at the books. Comic books, teen fiction, romantic novels, historical novels, and textbooks. Each book beloved. I want to be practical and stuff them in paper sacks for the used bookstore. But I love books as much as she does, so I stack them onto a single bookshelf to deal with later.
 
H) I go for her clothes. Dresses, sweaters, and shoes she hasn't worn since seventh grade are placed into garbage bags. I am a plague of locusts emptying the closet. Two piles grow to clumsy heights: one for charity, the other trash.
 
I) There are more shoes, stuffed animals, large and small posters, hair bands, and pink hair curlers. The job grows larger the longer I am at it. How can one girl collect so much in only 18 years?
 
J) I stuff the garbage bags until the plastic strains. I haul them down the stairs, two bags at a time. Donations to charity go into the trunk of my car; trash goes to the curb. I'm earning myself sweat and sore shoulders.
 
K) She left the bedroom a ridiculous mess, the comforter on the floor, the sheets tossed aside. I strip off the comforter, blanket, sheets, and pillows. Once she starts feeding coins into laundry machines, she'll appreciate the years of clean clothes I've provided for free.
 
L) I will turn her room into a crafts room. Or create the fancy guest room I've always wanted.
 
M) I turn the bed over. A large brown envelope is marked "DO NOT THROW AWAY". I open it. More papers. I dump the contents onto the floor. There are old family photographs, letters, greeting cards, and love notes from us to her. There are comics clipped from newspapers and magazines. Every single item in this envelope has passed from our hands to hers. These are all things that we gave her. Suddenly, I feel very emotional.
 
N) "DO NOT THROW AWAY".
 
O) My kid – my clutter bug – knows me too well. As I read through the cards and notes, I think maybe the truck wasn't such a bad idea, after all. Maybe it helps her to feel less small in a big world.
 
P) I reverse myself and bring back the garbage bags from the car and the curb. Clothes and shoes go back into the closet. I remake the bed and pile it with stuffed animals. My husband comes home and calls up the stairs.
 
Q) "Just straightening up," I tell him. "Can you find some boxes for her stuff?"
 
R) He brings up boxes from the basement.
 
S) "She left a mess," he says.
 
T) "I don't mind," I reply. Silence.
 
U) Then he says softly, "She's not coming back." I feel my throat tighten at the sadness in his voice. I try hard to keep back my tears.
 
V) My little baby, my dependent child, isn't coming back. But someday my daughter, the independent woman, will return home. Tokens of her childhood will await her. So will we, with open arms.

Answer: ['F', 'M', 'G', 'K', 'M', 'E', 'O', 'V', 'I', 'P']

Question 169: The passage mainly discusses ______.

Answer: the case that labour-saving appliances do not actually save labour

Question 170: Which of the following machines was NOT introduced during the period of 1920 -1960？

Answer: Air-conditioners.

Question 171: It can be inferred from the third paragraph that ______.

Answer: the housework revolution turns out to be only an illusion

Question 172: While survey research has now become much more sophisticated, ______.

Answer: it does not reveal much change in the average amount of time for housework

Question 173: What can account for the reduction of hours American housewives spend on housework?

Answer: Housewives full-time employment in the labour force.

Question 174: Things are seldom what they seem. A case in point is the use of labor-saving household appliances, which often do not save labour. This is the surprising conclusion reached by a small army of historians, sociologists and home economists who have undertaken, in recent years, to study housework as one form of work. 
During the first half of the twentieth century, the average American household was transformed by the introduction of a group of machines that profoundly (深切地) altered the daily lives of housewives. The forty years between 1920 and 1960 witnessed what might be aptly (恰当) called the industrial revolution in the home . Where once there had been a wood or coal burning stove there now was a gas or electric range. The dryer replaced the clothesline; the vacuum cleaner replaced the broom; the refrigerator replaced the icebox and the root cellar. 
And yet American housewives in 1960, 1970, 1980 and even 1990 continued to log about the same number of hours at their work as their grandmothers and mothers had in 1910, 1920 and 1930. The earliest time studies of housewives date from the first three decades of the twentieth century. The sample sizes of these studies were usually quite small, and they did not always define housework in precisely the same way, but their results were more or less consistent: Whether rural or urban, the average American housewife performed fifty to sixty hours of unpaid work in her home every week, and the only variable that significantly altered this was the number of small children. 
A half-century later not much has changed. Survey research has become much more sophisticated, and sample sizes has grown considerably, but the results of the time studies remain surprisingly consistent. The average American housewife, now armed with dozens of motors and thousands of electronic chips, still spends fifty to sixty hour a week doing housework. The only variable that significantly changed the size of that number was full-time employment in the labour force: working housewives cut down the average number of hours that they spend cooking and cleaning, shopping and chauffeuring(为……开车), to a significant thirty-five-hour virtually the equivalent of another full-time job. 

Answer: ['the case that labour-saving appliances do not actually save labour', 'Air-conditioners. ', 'the housework revolution turns out to be only an illusion ', 'it does not reveal much change in the average amount of time for housework ', 'Housewives full-time employment in the labour force. ']

Question 175: Why does the daughter find it difficult to help her father stand up?

Answer: Because he is heavy and weak

Question 176: What makes the five-year-old girl's fatigue go away?

Answer: She finds the harbor very exciting.

Question 177: How does the little girl react when her father suggests they take some smoked eel home for supper?

Answer: She immediately refuses to have it.

Question 178: Why does the daughter mention smoked or dried eel several times in the text?

Answer: To show the loving moments between her and her father.

Question 179: What is the purpose of the story?

Answer: To express the love between the daughter and her father.

Question 180: "Daddy, let’s take a walk"
It's an April day in Virginia. He nods, puts his hands on the arms of his wheelchair, whispers something that makes little sense. I try to help him up, but he is too heavy and limp.
"Come for a walk, and then - I've brought you a surprise."
The white curtains surge in the breeze.
Shivering, he complains it's chilly. "It's cold, I'm tired. Can't we go home now?"
Suddenly we're far away in a time long past in part of a harbor I've never seen before. December, Chicago, I'm five, and cold. One glove is lost. My feet are tired. His legs are longer; he strides quickly through melting snow, toward buildings like airplane sheds with immense doors.
This is the most exciting place I have ever been to. Suddenly my fatigue is gone. I could walk along here forever, at least until I find out how to get aboard one of the boats.
We slow down our pace. Smaller sheds now. A green diner. Smells of fish and smoke. We enter a little hut. Barrels of salty water, string bags of shellfish, bundles of fish laid out on ice.
"Daddy, look at that snake!"
"No, that's an eel," says Daddy. "Smoked. We'll take a portion home for supper."
"I certainly won't eat that!"
"All right," he says, and carries the smelly package. As we walk back, he tells me about migrations of eels to the Sargasso Sea: how eels come down Dalmatian rivers and swim across the Mediterranean and then the whole Atlantic, until they reach the warm Sargasso Sea. Here they lay their eggs, and then the baby eels swim back to the native rivers of their parents.
Back at last in the apartment, he unwraps the eel, opens his pocket knife, and slices carefully.
"I won't eat it." I say suspiciously.
"Try one bite, just for me."
"I won't like it."
While he hangs up our coats, I test one pinch. Smelly, smoky, and salty.
He goes into the kitchen to heat milk for me and tea for himself. I test another pinch. Then another. He returns with the steaming cups.
The eel has vanished.
Because it is Sunday and I am five, he forgives me. Time slows down and the love flows in - father to daughter and back again.
At 19, I fly out to Japan. My father and I climb Mount Fuji. High above the Pacific, and hours up the slope, we picnic on dried eel, seaweed crackers, and cold rice wrapped in the eel skin. He reaches the peak first.
As the years stretch, we walk along waterways all over the world. With his long strides, he often overtakes me. I've never known anyone with such energy.
Some days, time flies with joy all around. Other days, time rots like old fish.
Today in the nursing home in Virginia, anticipating his reluctance, I beg boldly and encourage him, "Please, Daddy, just a little walk. You are supposed to exercise."
He can't get out of his chair. Not that he often gets up on his own, but once in a while he'll suddenly have a surge of strength. I stoop to lift his feet from the foot restraints, fold back the metal pieces which often scrape his delicate, paper-thin skin. "Come, now you can stand."
He grips the walker and struggles forward. Gradually I lift and pull him to his feet. Standing unsteadily, he sways and then gains his balance.
"See, you made it! That's wonderful! All right, I'll be right behind you, my hand in the small of your back. Now - forward, march!"
He is impatient with the walker as I accompany him to the dining room. I help him to his chair, and hand him a spoon. It slips from his fingers. Pureed tuna is heaped on a plastic plate. I encourage him, sing him old songs, tell stories, but he won't eat. When I lift a spoonful of gray fishy stuff to his mouth, he says politely, "I don't care for any."
Nor would I.
Then I take the small smelly package covered in white wrapping paper from a plastic bag. He loves presents, and he reaches forward with awkward fingers to try to open it. The smell fills the room.
"Look, Daddy, they've been out of it for months, but at last this morning at the fish seller near the Potomac, I found some smoked eel."
We unwrap it, and then I take out the pocket knife my beloved aunt gave me "for safekeeping, and slice the silvery flesh.
"What a beautiful picnic," my father beams.
He takes a sip of his champagne, and then with steady fingers picks up a slice of eel and downs it easily. Then another, and another, until he eats the whole piece. And again, time slows down and the love flows in - daughter to father and back again.

Answer: ['Because he is heavy and weak', 'She finds the harbor very exciting.', 'She immediately refuses to have it.', 'To show the loving moments between her and her father.', 'To express the love between the daughter and her father.']

Question 181: 我跟女儿一样爱书，于是我把这些书堆放到一个单独的书架上，等日后再做处理。

Answer: I love books as much as she does, so I stack them onto a single bookshelf to deal with later.

Question 182: 她就是不愿意考虑买辆开起来省油、停起来省心的实用型汽车。

Answer: She'd refused to consider a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy to park.

Question 183: 孝道是中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则；它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。

Answer: In Chinese society, filial piety has been the moral standard for maintaining family relationships for thousands of years; it is undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue.

Question 184: 一般来说，孝道指子女对父母应尽的义务，主要包括尊敬、关爱及赡养老人。

Answer: Generally speaking, filial piety refers to children's obligations to their parents, mainly including respect, care, and support for the elderly.

Question 185: 孝道是中国古代社会的基本道德规范之一。

Answer: Filial piety is one of the basic codes of ethics in ancient Chinese society.

Question 186: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Outlines:
1.推荐一所最受欢迎的城市。
2.指出推荐这所城市的原因。
3.对外国友人在中国的游玩给出祝愿。

Answer: Dear Tom, I am delighted to hear that you are coming to China to teach English. Since you have written to me about a suitable city for your future job, I sincerely recommend Beijing, which will be wholly right up your alley at every aspect. The reasons why I regard Beijing as the best city for foreign English teachers are as follows: in the first place, it is acknowledged that Beijing is China’s center of science and education, with a lot of high-tech workforce and college students living here. Therefore, there are naturally many language training institutions with many teaching vacancies for you to choose. Secondly, you can visit historical sites in your spare time to learn about Chinese culture. Last but not least, Beijing is an internationalized city with fully constructed infrastructure and convenient lifestyle, so it is not very difficult for foreigners who come to China for the first time to live in. In a word, I am convinced that you will have a splendid working experience in Beijing. I hope that my proposals are useful to you. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to write to me. Yours, Li Ming

Question 187: What are the stories in the book mainly about?

Answer: Female heroes.

Question 188: What is the purpose of creating this book?

Answer: To inspire girls to learn from these great women.

Question 189: Who has the greatest positive influence on teenagers?

Answer: Mothers

Question 190: What is the writing community planning to do？

Answer: Help make teaching plans for teachers.

Question 191: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

Answer: Ordinary people who do remarkable things.

Question 192: Where do the speakers learn about these heroes?

Answer: From a website.

Question 193: What do we know about the father?

Answer: He is still looking for his son.

Question 194: What does the man do for a living?

Answer: He puts out fires.

Question 195: Why does the man see Leonidas as his hero?

Answer: Leonidas sacrificed his life for his countrymen.

Question 196: What has the man learned so as to do his job well?

Answer: To face his own fears.

Question 197: What did Deepika realize when she visited the countryside of India?

Answer: The water crisis has become a problem worldwide

Question 198: What was Deepika's research on?

Answer: Water purification

Question 199: What is the passage mainly about?

Answer: A young environmental scientist.

Question 200: What does the speaker want to prove by using Nelson Mandela as an example?

Answer: A true hero can choose to do the right things.

Question 201: Who is used as an example to show that a true hero can influence a large number of people?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 202: What is the passage mainly about?

Answer: Three traits that a true hero possesses.

Question 203: tolerant

Answer: able to accept what other people say or do

Question 204: tolerant

Answer: able to accept what other people say or do

Question 205: commercial

Answer: related to business

Question 206: commercial

Answer: related to business

Question 207: miracle

Answer: very lucky that you did not expect to happen

Question 208: miracle

Answer: very lucky that you did not expect to happen

Question 209: staple

Answer: a food that is needed all the time

Question 210: staple

Answer: a food that is needed all the time

Question 211: genetic

Answer: relating to genes

Question 212: genetic

Answer: relating to genes

Question 213: priority

Answer: sth. important that must be done first

Question 214: priority

Answer: sth. important that must be done first

Question 215: poverty

Answer: the situation of being poor

Question 216: poverty

Answer: the situation of being poor

Question 217: focus

Answer: concentrate on sth.

Question 218: focus

Answer: concentrate on sth.

Question 219: fame

Answer: the state of being famous

Question 220: fame

Answer: the state of being famous

Question 221: humble

Answer: not proud or thinking you are better than others

Question 222: humble

Answer: not proud or thinking you are better than others

Question 223: soar

Answer: quickly increases to a high level

Question 224: soar

Answer: quickly increases to a high level

Question 225: peer

Answer: a person who is the same age

Question 226: peer

Answer: a person who is the same age

Question 227: deficiency

Answer: a lack of sth.

Question 228: deficiency

Answer: a lack of sth.

Question 229: transform

Answer: completely change the appearance, form

Question 230: transform

Answer: completely change the appearance, form

Question 231: hybrid

Answer: relating to produced from parents of different species

Question 232: hybrid

Answer: relating to produced from parents of different species

Question 233: offspring

Answer: the young of an animal or plant

Question 234: offspring

Answer: the young of an animal or plant

Question 235: skeptical

Answer: tending to disagree with what other people tell you

Question 236: skeptical

Answer: tending to disagree with what other people tell you

Question 237: domesticated

Answer: brought under human control in order to provide food, power

Question 238: domesticated

Answer: brought under human control in order to provide food, power

Question 239: breed

Answer: produce new plants or animals from existing ones

Question 240: breed

Answer: produce new plants or animals from existing ones

Question 241: vigor

Answer: energy, force. or enthusiasm

Question 242: vigor

Answer: energy, force. or enthusiasm

Question 243: plump

Answer: large and round in an attractive way

Question 244: plump

Answer: large and round in an attractive way

Question 245: deserve

Answer: have earned sth. by good or bad action or behavior

Question 246: deserve

Answer: have earned sth. by good or bad action or behavior

Question 247: nurture

Answer: provide the care and attention necessary for a young child

Question 248: nurture

Answer: provide the care and attention necessary for a young child

Question 249: tend

Answer: take care of sb. or sth.

Question 250: tend

Answer: take care of sb. or sth.

Question 251: ll he thought about was that if only half of the world’s rice fields were planted with his hybrid rice, and each hectare increased two tons in yield, 400-500 million more people would be fed every year.

Answer: H H All he thought about was that if only half of the world’s rice fields were planted with his hybrid rice, and each hectare increased two tons in yield, 400-500 million more people would be fed every year.

Question 252: fter graduation, Yuan Longping became a teacher in Anjiang Agricultural School. He said, “Having enough food was people’s priority.”

Answer: E E After graduation, Yuan Longping became a teacher in Anjiang Agricultural School. He said, “Having enough food was people’s priority.”

Question 253: uan Longping was extremely famous for the title of Father of Hybrid Rice, and even an asteroid was named after him.

Answer: D D Yuan Longping was extremely famous for the title of Father of Hybrid Rice, and even an asteroid was named after him.

Question 254: t was nice to take a rest, because what in front of him were the wonder-plants with no end in sight.

Answer: A A It was nice to take a rest, because what in front of him were the wonder-plants with no end in sight.

Question 255: n the Anjiang area, what the farmers were hoping for was quantity: miracle-yields from their fields.

Answer: G G In the Anjiang area, what the farmers were hoping for was quantity: miracle-yields from their fields.

Question 256: ome of the mourners said that every time they sat down to a meal, or merely smelled the fragrance of rice, they would think of “Grandfather Yuan”.

Answer: I I Some of the mourners said that every time they sat down to a meal, or merely smelled the fragrance of rice, they would think of “Grandfather Yuan”.

Question 257: ome people are skeptical, telling him that it was a waste of time, because rice was a self-pollinator.

Answer: B B Some people are skeptical, telling him that it was a waste of time, because rice was a self-pollinator.

Question 258: hina’s rice yield had risen from 57 million tons in 1950 to 208 million in 2022, turning China from a country with food shortages to a country with food security.

Answer: C C China’s rice yield had risen from 57 million tons in 1950 to 208 million in 2022, turning China from a country with food shortages to a country with food security.

Question 259: ater, he learned something about the plant genetics and became interested in rice, China’s staple.

Answer: F F Later, he learned something about the plant genetics and became interested in rice, China’s staple.

Question 260: uan Longping was far merrier in his short-sleeved work shirts, out in his rice field, than in a suit in some conference hall.

Answer: D D Yuan Longping was far merrier in his short-sleeved work shirts, out in his rice field, than in a suit in some conference hall.

Question 261:

To feed the world
（本题作答提示，在空格处填写对应段落的大写字母编号）
 
A) He was wandering in a rice field of dreams. The plants were taller than a man. Their ears hung full as brooms, and each grain was as big as a peanut. After walking a while he lay down in the leaf-shade, quite hidden. A rest was a good idea, because the wonder-plants went on and on.
 
B) Then Yuan Longping woke up, laughing. The rice plants, which he had tended for decades at Anjiang and then Changsha in Hunan Province, sowing and nurturing them, visiting daily on his motorbike to inspect them, were not quite there yet. But they still deserved their name of super rice. The leaves were straighter and taller than ordinary ones, and the grains plumper. They had all the vigor of the wild strain that he and his team had found in Hainan in 1970 and had crossbred with the domesticated variety. Some skeptical people told him he was wasting his time, since rice was a self-pollinator. He believed that crossbreeding was universal and that it always made the offspring stronger.
 
C) The figures spoke for themselves. With his new hybrid rice the annual yield was 20% higher. This meant that at least 70 million more people could be fed every year. China’s rice yield had risen from 57 million tons in 1950 to 208 million in 2022, transforming China from food deficiency to food security. Higher rice yields allowed farmers to turn more land to other uses - fruit, vegetables, fishponds - so that people not only had more to eat, but ate well. And this message was for China as well as the world. He traveled across Asia and to Africa and America to help people grow rice, as well as inviting his foreign peers to China to share his research. A fifth of all rice grown globally now comes from hybrids that were his.
 
D) For this Yuan Longping won the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest state honor, and the World Food Prize. He was widely known as the Father of Hybrid Rice, and even an asteroid was named after him. Although he was famous, he chose to stay away from the spotlight and devoted himself to rice growing. His face was leathered by the sun and his big hands were rough from “playing in the mud” all day. He was far happier in his short-sleeved work shirts, out in his rice field, than in a suit in some conference hall. As an official of the World Food Prize Foundation said, Professor Yuan was incredibly humble. He never sought fame or adulation, but rather focused only on hard work and results that could help eradicate poverty and lift people out of hunger.
 
E) Yuan Longping was born in Beijing, but he enjoyed the countryside and the thought of growing tasty things. Inspired by his initial interest, he decided to study agriculture in college. After graduation, Yuan Longping took a job as a teacher in Anjiang Agricultural School. He said, “Having enough food was people’s priority.”

F) Yuan Longping had at first worked on grafting. He grafted moonflowers on sweet potatoes, tomatoes on potatoes, and a watermelon on a pumpkin, but found that any inherited traits vanished in the second generation. Then he read about plant genetics and turned his full attention to China’s staple, rice.
 
G) As a boy he was fascinated by the deliciousness of Xiaozhan Rice from Tianjin, said to be the best in China at that time. Around Anjiang, what the farmers wanted was quantity: miracle-yields from their fields. They would cross the mountains to get better seeds, so he did the same, traveling around China to find the strong wild male-sterile plants he needed. Once he found them, it took three years to perfect the hybridizing and another three to get his super rice into commercial production, Then, in a steep curve. yields soared away.

H) He kept on working to make rice better: salt-tolerant to grow by the coast, crossbred with corn to be more nutritious, enriched with Vitamin A to improve people’s eyesight. His mind was filled with the thought that if just half of the rice fields in the world were planted with his hybrid rice, an increase in yield of two tons per hectare would feed 400-500 million more people every year. And he still talked of plants taller than a man.

I) Outside the funeral home in Changsha on the day after his death, crowds came to lay a mountain of yellow and white chrysanthemums. Several of the mourners said that whenever they sat down to a meal, or merely smelled the fragrance of rice, they would remember “Grandfather Yuan”. Among the flowers were the traditional bowls of boiled rice, the best thing to commemorate the Father of Hybrid Rice.

Answer: ['H', 'E', 'D', 'A', 'G', 'I', 'B', 'C', 'F', 'D']

Question 262: What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?

Answer: There has been a marked increase in most countries.

Question 263: What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?

Answer: It impacts more on an individual than on a population.

Question 264: What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?

Answer: They tend to live longer.

Question 265: What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?

Answer: They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.

Question 266: What does James Bentham suggest we do?

Answer: Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.

Question 267: People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20 cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5 cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5 cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8 cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people.”
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”
 

Answer: ['There has been a marked increase in most countries.', 'It impacts more on an individual than on a population.', 'They tend to live longer.', 'They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.', 'Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.']

Question 268: What did the priest mean when he said “Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero”?

Answer: Dory was a hero all his life.

Question 269: What do you know about Sgt. Ryan Russell?

Answer: He sacrificed his life to protect other people.

Question 270: What do people want to figure out after a tragedy like Sgt. Russell’s?

Answer: Whether people should be regarded as heroes if they failed in their efforts to help others.

Question 271: Why did Eleanor McMahon consider many police officers heroes?

Answer: Because they rush toward danger to help those in need.

Question 272: What is the text mainly about?

Answer: What kind of people can be called heroes.

Question 273: Who’s a hero these days? In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common. We use hero to describe both victims and survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies. Who are the heroes among us?
In the days subsequent to a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many described Dory Stoddard as a hero. Dory gave his life for his wife, Mavy. When Dory heard shots ring out, he immediately fell on top of his wife to shield her from the hail of bullets. At the memorial service, the priest said, “Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero.” Long known for his remarkable spirit and love of humanity, Dory Stoddard died as he had always lived, assisting others.
In Toronto, Canada, downtown life stopped when more than 11,000 police officers and other emergency responders marched solemnly through the streets to honor Sergeant Ryan Russell, a 35-year-old “good man and good cop”, who believed deeply in his commitment to protect and serve. Sgt. Russell moved quickly to protect others from harm, He tried to stop a drunk driver in a stolen snowplow with only his police automobile and his goodwill to help others. Sadly, Sgt. Russell was unable to stop the drunk driver and was killed in the effort.
However, while many people honor Sgt. Russell, some people raise this question when they try to make sense of a tragedy like Sgt. Russell’s: Some first responders do not succeed in helping others and they get injured or die in their efforts. Do these people become heroes because of what happens to them as they try to help others -- instead of what they actually make happen?
I asked road safety advocate Eleanor McMahon whether she thought Sgt. Russell was a hero. Ms. McMahon’s late husband, a police officer, was killed by a drunk truck driver in a 2006 off-duty cycling accident. Through grief and rage, Ms. McMahon founded Share the Road, a cycling association, and worked tirelessly until the government established “Greg’s Law”, legislation that gave authority to the police to immediately seize the automobiles of drunk drivers caught on the road.
Ms. McMahon replied that she thought Sgt. Russell was indeed a hero. “Just imagine, in the middle of an intense snowstorm this policeman thinks: I’ve got to stop this snowplow before it hurts others.” Ms. McMahon summed up why she considered many police officers to be heroes: “It's natural to be afraid of danger. It’s natural for that fear to cause most people to rush toward safety and away from danger, Heroes do just the opposite. They rush toward danger to help those in need.”
We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love. We expect nothing less. So when one of them dies doing that, we should recognize the heroic action even though we may doubt our own capacity to be heroic ourselves.
The inspiring stories of heroes help remind us that ordinary people can do extraordinary things, whether it is in the fulfillment of their duties or as part of everyday life. We honor the fireman, the policeman, and the average citizen by recognizing their heroism. Perhaps, even more importantly, we honor them by working to change the circumstances that led to their death. By honoring them we can be inspired by them. Will we be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically? Hopefully, we will!
 
 

Answer: ['Dory was a hero all his life.', 'He sacrificed his life to protect other people.', 'Whether people should be regarded as heroes if they failed in their efforts to help others.', 'Because they rush toward danger to help those in need.', 'What kind of people can be called heroes.']

Question 274: 郑和1371年出生于云南昆明，他不仅是明朝的外交家，也是中国历史上最著名的海上探险家。
 

Answer: Zheng He, born in 1371 in Kunming, Yunnan, was not only a diplomat in the Ming Dynasty, but also the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history.

Question 275: 从公元1405年起的28年间，郑和带领船队七下西洋，出海的人员共计10多万人，访问了30多个国家和地区。

Answer: In the 28 years after 1405AD, Zheng He led his fleet to make seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100000 crew members in total, and they visited more than 30 countries and regions.

Question 276: 郑和下西洋是世界航海史上的壮举，加强了明和海外各国之间的关系。

Answer: Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas were a great achievement in the world’s navigation history. They strengthened the relations between the Ming Dynasty and countries overseas.

Question 277: 这些他几十年间陆续在湖南安江和长沙照顾、播种和培育的水稻，每天骑着摩托车去观察其生长情况的水稻，现在还未长到理想的状态。

Answer: The rice plants, which he had tended for decades in Anjiang and then Changsha in Hunan Province, sowing and nurturing them, visiting daily on his motorbike to inspect them, were not quite there yet.

Question 278: 小时候，他就对天津小站稻的美味很着迷，据说小站稻是当时中国最好的米。

Answer: As a boy, he was fascinated by the deliciousness of Xiaozhan Rice, said to be the best in China at that time.

Question 279: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on How to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words on the Answer Sheet.

Outlines:
1. 加强医生和患者之间的沟通是非常必要的
2. 如何加强医生和患者之间的沟通，构建和谐的医患关系
3. 政府应提供更多法律保障，帮助平衡医患关系
 

Answer: How to handle the relationship between doctors and patients? In recent years, the relationship between doctors and patients has become  increasingly tense and complicated. The disputes have intensified day by day.  There is a lack of necessary understanding and trust between doctors and  patients. The normal health care activities are deeply affected. The  relationship between doctors and patients has become an unprecedented common  concern of the whole society at this stage. How to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients?Firstly of  all, doctors should have medical ethics and humanities, which require extreme  enthusiasm for patients and their technical excellence. Secondly, doctors and  patients should communicate with each other. Furthermore, patients should know more knowledge of medicine. Besides, the government should provide more legal  protection to help balance the doctor-patient relationship. Although we have a long way to go, we have reasons to believe that the  doctor-patient relationship in China is gradually improving.

Question 280: How did Steve find the kidney he needed?

Answer: Through posts on social media.

Question 281: Why did Chris decide to donate a kidney to Steve?

Answer: He understood Steve's situation.

Question 282: What does the news report say about Lingling?

Answer: She broadcasts for agricultural products.

Question 283: What does the spokesperson of a tech company say?

Answer: E-commerce brings higher profits to farmers.

Question 284: What might be the relationship between the two speakers?

Answer: Host and guest speaker.

Question 285: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

Answer: The effect of social media on people's critical thinking skills.

Question 286: Which of the following is not mentioned as a potential harmful effect of social media?

Answer: It may be bad for people's emotion.

Question 287: What do we learn about the woman?

Answer: She increased her speed gradually.

Question 288: Why did the woman start posting her runs on social media?

Answer: To encourage herself to keep running.

Question 289: What do research findings show?

Answer: People sharing their runs on social media perform better.

Question 290: What do memes usually represent?

Answer: A common feeling such as humor or sarcasm.

Question 291: What do we learn about memes?

Answer: Memes can convey rich information.

Question 292: What is required of a person to understand a meme?

Answer: A certain amount of cultural knowledge.

Question 293: What does the passage say about social media and sleep?

Answer: How social media affects people's sleep.

Question 294: What has researchers found about the use of social media before sleep?

Answer: Watching a sad video influences people's emotion.

Question 295: What is the speaker's suggestion about using social media before sleep?

Answer: Avoiding doing things that will stimulate you.

Question 296: encounter

Answer: meet sb. without planning to

Question 297: encounter

Answer: meet sb. without planning to

Question 298: interfere
 

Answer: deliberately get involved in a situation

Question 299: interfere
 

Answer: deliberately get involved in a situation

Question 300: trend

Answer: a general tendency in the way a situation is developing

Question 301: trend

Answer: a general tendency in the way a situation is developing

Question 302: symptom

Answer: a sign that sb. has an illness

Question 303: symptom

Answer: a sign that sb. has an illness

Question 304: apparent

Answer: easy to notice

Question 305: apparent

Answer: easy to notice

Question 306: contribute

Answer: help to make sth. happen

Question 307: contribute

Answer: help to make sth. happen

Question 308:  significant

Answer: very important

Question 309:  significant

Answer: very important

Question 310: essential

Answer: completely necessary

Question 311: essential

Answer: completely necessary

Question 312: considerable

Answer: fairly large enough to have an effec

Question 313: considerable

Answer: fairly large enough to have an effec

Question 314:  depression

Answer: a feeling of being extremely unhappy

Question 315:  depression

Answer: a feeling of being extremely unhappy

Question 316: generate

Answer: produce or cause sth.

Question 317: generate

Answer: produce or cause sth.

Question 318: absorption
 

Answer: complete interest in sth.

Question 319: absorption
 

Answer: complete interest in sth.

Question 320: survive

Answer: continue to live after an accident or illness

Question 321: survive

Answer: continue to live after an accident or illness

Question 322: compromise
 

Answer: risk harming or losing sth. important

Question 323: compromise
 

Answer: risk harming or losing sth. important

Question 324: responsible

Answer: sensible and able to make good judgments

Question 325: responsible

Answer: sensible and able to make good judgments

Question 326: dramatic

Answer: great and sudden

Question 327: dramatic

Answer: great and sudden

Question 328: novelty

Answer: the quality of being new and interesting

Question 329: novelty

Answer: the quality of being new and interesting

Question 330: decline

Answer: become less or worse

Question 331: decline

Answer: become less or worse

Question 332: academic

Answer: relating to education

Question 333: academic

Answer: relating to education

Question 334: brand-new

Answer: new and not yet used

Question 335: brand-new

Answer: new and not yet used

Question 336: addict

Answer: who is very interested in sth.

Question 337: addict

Answer: who is very interested in sth.

Question 338:  startle

Answer: make sb. suddenly surprised or shocked

Question 339:  startle

Answer: make sb. suddenly surprised or shocked

Question 340:  sake

Answer: in order to help or improve sb. or sth.

Question 341:  sake

Answer: in order to help or improve sb. or sth.

Question 342: access

Answer: the right or opportunity to have or use

Question 343: access

Answer: the right or opportunity to have or use

Question 344: his was the second time in the week that Zoey had suddenly become extremely angry.

Answer: A A This was the second time in the week that Zoey had suddenly become extremely angry.
 

Question 345: t has also been found that spending too much time online is preventing or even stopping us from engaging in face-to-face interactions.

Answer: G G It has also been found that spending too much time online is preventing or even stopping us from engaging in face-to-face interactions.
 

Question 346: ducators and families should rethink how to change the degree to which our children are allowed to use social media.

Answer: I   I Educators and families should rethink how to change the degree to which our children are allowed to use social media.
 

Question 347: oday’s teenagers are especially more likely to have difficulty sleeping and are more likely to need to visit an expert.

Answer: E   E Today’s teenagers are especially more likely to have difficulty sleeping and are more likely to need to visit an expert.
 

Question 348: ince for most children, the teenage years are a time when they experience huge changes, Zoey may have got into trouble with or without social media.

Answer: D D Since for most children, the teenage years are a time when they experience huge changes, Zoey may have got into trouble with or without social media.
 

Question 349: oey’s performance at school became poorer, and unfortunately, she needed to receive treatment for her mental illness.

Answer: C C Zoey’s performance at school became poorer, and unfortunately, she needed to receive treatment for her mental illness.
 

Question 350: ccording to a study conducted by the University of Houston, if college students spent more time posting and chatting online, they would be more likely to feel slightly depressed.

Answer: F F According to a study conducted by the University of Houston, if college students spent more time posting and chatting online, they would be more likely to feel slightly depressed.
 

Question 351: ust like how someone with a deep love for chocolate feels at a candy store, people in the information age feel that many opportunities to experience novelty are too exciting, even tiring.

Answer: H H Just like how someone with a deep love for chocolate feels at a candy store, people in the information age feel that many opportunities to experience novelty are too exciting, even tiring.
 

Question 352: ocial connection is one human need that is greatly affected by social media.

Answer: E E Social connection is one human need that is greatly affected by social media.
 

Question 353: oey used to enjoy playing soccer, taking long walks, and riding a mountain bike with her father.

Answer: B B Zoey used to enjoy playing soccer, taking long walks, and riding a mountain bike with her father.
 

Question 354:
                                       Social media: How much is too much
                           （本题作答提示：在空格处填入对应段落的大写字母编号）
A）“I hate you!” the wild-eyed teenage girl shouted as she kicked her father before biting his arm. This was the second time that week that Zoey had flown into a violent rage because her parents had taken away her access to social media.
B）At our psychiatric clinic, when her parents, David and Amanda, came to enlist our help for her sake, they described Zoey as a sweet, happy girl and a good student. She loved playing soccer, hiking, and taking mountain bike rides with her dad. David and Amanda, supportive parents with college degrees and their own tech business, were startled by Zoey’s social media addiction. “It all started after she came home in seventh grade with a notebook the school had given her,” they said. This brand-new computer, provided for classwork, contained many online chat apps.
C）Soon they noticed Zoey was devoting her late-night hours to chat rooms and seemed fascinated by videos and online games. Their daughter changed from a sweet, innocent child who enjoyed spending time with them into a rude, angry terror. Her academic performance declined, and sadly, she ended up needing psychiatric treatment.
D）Given that the teenage years are a time of dramatic change for most kids, Zoey may have been headed for trouble with or without social media. It’s also true that many students use social media responsibly without compromising their health or school performance. However, growing evidence shows that social media impacts some human needs, and absorption in the digital world can generate a number of psychological problems – from addiction to depression. Young people are especially in danger of a breakdown.
E）One human need considerably impacted by social media is social connection. No doubt, social connection is an essential part of being human and also a significant factor contributing to happiness and health. Thanks to social media, we are the most connected society ever in history. Worldwide, approximately 3.5 million emails are sent per second. Predictably, the younger you are, the more you text. Yet the rise of social media is problematic, for it goes along with an apparent decline in mental health. More people have reported symptoms of being depressed in recent years than in the 1980s. Today’s teens, in particular, are more likely to have trouble sleeping and more likely to need a professional for their mental health problems.
F）Certainly, numerous other factors may be driving this trend, but preliminary research links depression with social media usage. A University of Houston study found that the more time college students spent posting and chatting online, the greater the chance they would experience mild depression. The researchers attributed this to something called social comparison. When we compare ourselves to others online, it hurts our self-confidence. We think everyone is doing better than we are. But this is misleading since other people usually post only their successes and good news.
G）It has also been discovered that spending too much time online is interfering with or even causing withdrawal from face-to-face encounters. That is troubling because we know that we can get physically and psychologically ill if cut off from human influence. We improve our emotional state largely through being out in society. Not getting the right kind of human contact and support at key developmental periods of childhood may lead to serious emotional and psychological problems.
H）Another basic need impacted by social media is the need for novelty. Our human brain is biologically prepared for novelty, which, in turn, has helped us survive disastrous environmental change. Unfortunately, this natural thirst can become obsessive in the information age, in which every post, text, email, and online photograph is an opportunity to experience something new. As with an ardent chocolate lover at a candy store, the many choices are too stimulating, even exhausting.
I) Social media, which feeds our needs for connection and novelty, risks causing social problems and also undermining people’s mental health. If kids develop compulsive texting and social media habits, like Zoey, they can suffer badly. It’s high time that educators and families rethought how to change the extent to which we expose our children to social media. As for David and Amanda, they would do anything to have their sweet, loving Zoey back.
 

 

Answer: ['A', 'G', 'I', 'E', 'D', 'C', 'F', 'H', 'E', 'B']

Question 355: What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?

Answer: It is a course designed for students to learn online.

Question 356: What problem did Professor Goel meet with?

Answer: Students’ questions were too many to handle.

Question 357: What do we learn about Jill Watson?

Answer: She turned out to be a great success.

Question 358: How did the students feel about Jill Watson?

Answer: They could not tell her from a real person.

Question 359: What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?

Answer: Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.

Question 360:

Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’ s online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn’t enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.
 
Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.
 
Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments, and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.

The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.
 

Answer: ['It is a course designed for students to learn online.', 'Students’ questions were too many to handle.', 'She turned out to be a great success.', 'They could not tell her from a real person.', 'Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.']

Question 361: What is the passage mainly about?

Answer: Social media being a powerful tool.

Question 362: In what way is instant communication through social media better than face-to-face conversation?

Answer: Instant communication can help people readily share things with each other.

Question 363: What does the author want to show with the example of finding a missing child through social media?

Answer: The power and human side of social media.

Question 364: What does the author want to show with the fact that people are looking at screens as well as reading newspaper in the coffee shop?

Answer: Social media is coexisting with traditional reading.

Question 365: What does the author encourage the reader to discuss at the end of the text?

Answer: How to use social media.

Question 366:

On my way to a coffee shop where I like to sit and read the daily newspaper, I caught a glimpse of the first message of the day from my 10-year-old son Tommy. He said good morning and told me that he was going to a friend’s birthday party after school. I do not get to see Tommy all the time, given that he is at his dad’s home on weekdays. Fortunately, Tommy and I have installed a social media app on our cell phones. This ensures we stay connected.

I like this instant communication with Tommy because I can check what he’s doing and evaluate how he’s feeling. People who do not care about social media may claim, “I don’t care what anybody ate for breakfast this morning. That’s boring!” Their indifference contrasts with my own interest in my son. I would love to listen to his detailed description of a piece of bacon when he’s in his other house. I absolutely do care about this. In fact, I hang on his every word. Is face-to-face conversation better? Frankly, yes, but I cannot readily share Tommy’s morning otherwise. It is meaningless to ask him about an event two days later, long after it happened. Before I go to bed, I’m reluctant to switch off my phone. Suppose he needs to reach me?

I continued to think about this topic while I was in the coffee shop. In fact, I am amazed by the power of social media to harness technology to satisfy human needs and motives. As I scanned that day’s newspaper, I noticed an appealing headline: “Social Media Helps Find the Missing Kid”. The news story was about a missing child who had been found after people had spread the information on the local social media platform. Clearly, finding lost children through online social forums is triumphant news. I read about the family’s tears and the heartfelt concern of the people in that town and in the whole country. It made me marvel at the human side of the Internet.

Sitting in the coffee shop, I noticed four people in my immediate vicinity looking at screens, and four people reading something on paper. I was doing both. I saw social media apps open on two laptops, but I was sure that at some point, they had been open on all of the screens. The dynamics in this coffee shop were revealing. People were not giving up long-form reading or social interaction. They were just filling all the space in between.

From the outside view, digital interactions appear to be cold and inhuman. Nevertheless, the Internet does not steal our humanity; it reflects what’s inside us. Social media is not cold; it is just complex and hard to define. As we can see, the Internet has quickly become the center of cultural media, intertwined with our families, our lives, and our culture. But the Internet does not control us. It is a tool, as advanced today as a sharpened stick was a couple million years ago. Looking at social media through this lens, perhaps we can reframe discussions about technology from how it is changing us to how we can make better use of this powerful tool.
 
     
                                                     
 

Answer: [' Social media being a powerful tool. ', 'Instant communication can help people readily share things with each other.', 'The power and human side of social media.', 'Social media is coexisting with traditional reading.', 'How to use social media.']

Question 367: 社交媒体满足我们对人际交往及新鲜感的追求，同时也存在导致社会问题以及损害人们心理健康的风险。
 

Answer: Social media, which feeds our needs for connection and novelty, risks causing social problems and also undermining people’s mental health.

Question 368: 毫无疑问，人际交往是人类的一个本质特征，也是影响幸福和健康的一个重要因素。
 

Answer: No doubt, social connection is an essential part of being human and also a significant factor contributing to happiness and health.

Question 369: 中国将坚持教育优先发展，推进教育数字化，建设学习型社会、学习型大国。

Answer: China will continue to give high priority to the development of education, promote the digitalization of education, and build a society and country of learning.

Question 370: 数字化教育拓展了学习者学习的时间和空间，为终身学习提供了更多的可能性。
 

Answer: Digital education expands the learner’s time and space for learning, thus providing more possibilities for lifelong learning.

Question 371: 随着互联网技术的发展，数字化教育使人们得以通过互联网进入虚拟教室，并随时随地学习。

Answer: With the development of Internet technology, digital education enables people to get access to virtual classes through the Internet and learn anytime and anywhere.

Question 372: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on My Views on Social Media. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words on the Answer Sheet.

Outlines:
1. 社交媒体的定义和普及程度

2. 社交媒体的优点和缺点

3. 如何正确使用社交媒体

Answer:      Beyond daily communication, social media has also been used as a platform of spreading news events. Owing to this development, many people now have instant access to current issues. Despite the convenience and efficiency, I personally believe there are more disadvantages in such excessive use of social media.     It is true that the current technology and social media make news available to the public sooner than any conventional media like newspapers. This not only enables a faster coverage of news, but reduces the use of printed materials to some extent. What also needs to be acknowledged is the significance of social media in promoting interpersonal communication and information exchange. In extreme cases, like during Corona virus prevention and control, social media has proved its liability as an alternative for offline activities, such as family gatherings and school orientations.     However, many people are so tied up with social network that they tend to overlook the long-term side effects. The major problem with using social media in news reporting is that there tends to be a lack of fact verification before the sharing process happens. People are easily overwhelmed by the political arguments, posted selfies, shared links, and brand videos that enter the average news feed every day. Reliance on social media could hurt a person’s ability to have a face-to-face conversation,  Thus, the dependence on social network has in fact reduced communication quality. To conclude, my view is that the benefits of using social media as a mean of daily contact and news events are tiny, compared with the negative repercussions in the long run. The excessive use has caused an unhealthy environment in society.  

Question 373: What did the two girls do in the past six years?

Answer: They worked together to write a novel.

Question 374: What is the novel about?

Answer: The two girls’ experiences while growing up.

Question 375: Why were Chinese friends invited to the Chapultepec Zoo?

Answer: To attend an anniversary celebration.

Question 376: What does the news report say about the pandas in the Chapultepec Zoo?

Answer: The first two pandas were gifts from China.

Question 377: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

Answer: The fact that rivals can be best friends.

Question 378: What does the man think of Federer and Nadal as professional tennis players?

Answer: The are both the best of all time.

Question 379: How much did Federer and Nadal once raise for charity?

Answer: Nearly $4 million.

Question 380: Why has the woman come to Manchester?

Answer: To start a new job.

Question 381: What did the man and the woman use to talk about?

Answer: Fashion.

Question 382: What does the man invite the woman to do?

Answer: Attend a birthday party.

Question 383: How did Dickinson and Higginson keep their friendship?

Answer: By writing letters to each other.

Question 384: What did Higginson think of Dickinson’s poems?

Answer: They were unusual and beautiful.

Question 385: What did Higginson do after Dickinson’s death?

Answer: He had her poetry published.

Question 386: What does the passage say about men and women in traditional society?

Answer: Friendship between men and women was impossible.

Question 387: What do the words “boyfriend” and “girlfriend” imply?

Answer: A romantic relationship that involves companionship and equality.

Question 388: Under what conditions can platonic friendships between the sexes become an ordinary part of life?

Answer: If they have equal rights and opportunities.

Question 389: eternal

Answer: continuing for ever and having no end

Question 390: eternal

Answer: continuing for ever and having no end

Question 391: cease

Answer: stop doing sth. or stop happening

Question 392: cease

Answer: stop doing sth. or stop happening

Question 393: harsh

Answer: severe, cruel, or unkind

Question 394: harsh

Answer: severe, cruel, or unkind

Question 395: affectionate

Answer: showing that you love or care about sb. or sth.

Question 396: affectionate

Answer: showing that you love or care about sb. or sth.

Question 397: premier

Answer: a prime minister

Question 398: premier

Answer: a prime minister

Question 399: enable

Answer: make it possible for sb. to do sth., or for sth. to happen

Question 400: enable

Answer: make it possible for sb. to do sth., or for sth. to happen

Question 401: trail

Answer: a rough path across the countryside or through a forest

Question 402: trail

Answer: a rough path across the countryside or through a forest

Question 403: withdraw

Answer: stop doing sth.

Question 404: withdraw

Answer: stop doing sth.

Question 405:  relevant

Answer: directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered

Question 406:  relevant

Answer: directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered

Question 407: ceremony

Answer: a formal public event with special traditions, actions, or words

Question 408: ceremony

Answer: a formal public event with special traditions, actions, or words

Question 409: derive

Answer: have sth. as an origin

Question 410: derive

Answer: have sth. as an origin

Question 411: pad

Answer: fill or cover sth. with a soft material in order to protect it or make it more comfortable

Question 412: pad

Answer: fill or cover sth. with a soft material in order to protect it or make it more comfortable

Question 413: initiative

Answer: the opportunity to take action before other people do

Question 414: initiative

Answer: the opportunity to take action before other people do

Question 415: finance

Answer: the management of money by governments, large organizations, etc.

Question 416: finance

Answer: the management of money by governments, large organizations, etc.

Question 417: crucial

Answer: extremely important or necessary

Question 418: crucial

Answer: extremely important or necessary

Question 419: economic

Answer: relating to trade, industry, and the management of money

Question 420: economic

Answer: relating to trade, industry, and the management of money

Question 421: honorary

Answer: given to sb. as an honor

Question 422: honorary

Answer: given to sb. as an honor

Question 423: applause

Answer: the sound of many people hitting their hands together and shouting, to show that they have enjoyed sth,

Question 424: applause

Answer: the sound of many people hitting their hands together and shouting, to show that they have enjoyed sth,

Question 425: revolutionary

Answer: completely new and different, esp. in a way that leads to great improvements

Question 426: revolutionary

Answer: completely new and different, esp. in a way that leads to great improvements

Question 427: integrate

Answer: become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or help sb. do this

Question 428: integrate

Answer: become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or help sb. do this

Question 429:  award

Answer: officially give sb. sth. such as a prize or money to reward them for sth. they have done

Question 430:  award

Answer: officially give sb. sth. such as a prize or money to reward them for sth. they have done

Question 431: prompt

Answer: make sb, decide to do sth.; cause sth. to happen

Question 432: prompt

Answer: make sb, decide to do sth.; cause sth. to happen

Question 433:  reform

Answer: a change or changes made to a system or organization in order to improve it

Question 434:  reform

Answer: a change or changes made to a system or organization in order to improve it

Question 435: conscientious

Answer: careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do

Question 436: conscientious

Answer: careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do

Question 437: n 1948, when they were about to leave China, some leaders of the Party invited them to stay to help cultivate foreign language faculty for New China.

Answer: C C In 1948, when they were about to leave China, some leaders of the Party invited them to stay to help cultivate foreign language faculty for New China.

Question 438: or over 50 years, they worked diligently and carefully for Chinese foreign language education.

Answer: D D For over 50 years, they worked diligently and carefully for Chinese foreign language education.

Question 439: hey also requested to receive lower salary.

Answer: F F They also requested to receive lower salary.
 

Question 440: f he were not dead, he would have definitely stood on the stage with her.

Answer: A A If he were not dead, he would have definitely stood on the stage with her.
 

Question 441: hen they came to Shilidian again, the local residents warmly called them “Comrde David” and “Comrade Isabel”.

Answer: G G When they came to Shilidian again, the local residents warmly called them “Comrde David” and “Comrade Isabel”.
 

Question 442: t was not extraordinary because they always belonged to the common people.

Answer: I I It was not extraordinary because they always belonged to the common people.
 

Question 443: China is difficult in economic conditions. At a critical period like this, we can’t just leave."

Answer: H H "China is difficult in economic conditions. At a critical period like this, we can’t just leave."
 

Question 444: he call of the times caused them to believe in Communism, so later both of them joined the British Communist Party.

Answer: B B The call of the times caused them to believe in Communism, so later both of them joined the British Communist Party.
 

Question 445: hen working in Shilidian, the Crooks always shared their happiness and pains with the villagers.

Answer: E E When working in Shilidian, the Crooks always shared their happiness and pains with the villagers.
 

Question 446: he friendship between the Crooks and the Chinese people lasts forever!

Answer: I I The friendship between the Crooks and the Chinese people lasts forever!
 

Question 447:

Firm belief, eternal friendship
（本题作答提示，在空格处填写对应段落的大写字母编号）
A) The presentation ceremony for the national medals and honorary titles of the People ‘s Republic of China was held at the Great Hall of the People in 2019.Among all the laureates, a white-haired elderly lady was in the spotlight. She was awarded the Friendship Medal, China’s highest order of honor for foreigners. When Isabel Crook walked slowly onto the stage, there was a burst of enthusiastic applause to salute this 104-year-old laureate. At that moment, she couldn't help thinking of her husband David Crook. If he were still alive, he would have definitely appeared on the podium with her.
B) The Crooks belonged to the generation who grew up during the raging flames of the two world wars. The call of the times prompted them to hold a communist belief, so later they both joined the British Communist Party. In November 1947, with a letter of introduction from the British Communist Party, they crossed the oceans, broke through the blockade lines, and finally arrived in Shilidian in the old revolutionary base area of the Taihang Mountains in China.
C) Arranged by relevant leaders of the Communist Party of China, the Crooks became members of a work team in Shilidian, which reexamined the whole process of the land reform, together with the peasants and the Party organization there. Meanwhile, they noted down what they had observed. The observations were later published in the book Revolution in a Chinese Village: Ten Mile Inn. In 1948, when they were preparing to leave China, some leaders of the Party invited them to stay to help train foreign language personnel for New China.
D) Although totally unprepared, the Crooks put aside their original plan. Out of their heartfelt dedication to the cause of the Chinese revolution, they went to the Central Foreign Affairs School, the predecessor of Beijing Foreign Studies University, to report for duty——a turning point in the course of their life. For more than half a century, they worked tirelessly and conscientiously for China’s foreign language education. When people asked them, “Why did you choose to work in China?”, they responded, “The main reason, of course, is our political commitment.”
E) It is this sense of commitment derived from their belief that enabled them to cultivate brotherly friendships with the Chinese people. While working in Shilidian, they always shared their joys and sorrows with the villagers. The Crooks learned how to carry manure to the fields on a shoulder pole and how to use a Chinese hoe. They were often seen squatting by the fields with rice bowls in their hands, chatting while eating with the villagers. As a result, the villagers ceased to regard the Crooks as “foreigners” and treated them as their members of the family.
F) The Crooks were always eager to integrate with the masses no matter when and where. Tall and dressed in the blue cotton-padded uniform, they looked like everyone else around them, except for their faces. They gnawed wowotou and pickles and ate cabbage soup together with others during the difficult times. They also took the initiative to request cutting their salary. They never complained about the harsh conditions because of their faith in communism.
G) The common belief in communism also led to comradely friendships. People always called the Crooks comrades. When they revisited Shilidian, the local people affectionately called them “Comrade David” and “Comrade Isabel”. Even our beloved Premier Zhou Enlai cordially called them comrades and regarded them as good friends of the Chinese people.
H) The Crooks, who blazed a trail in the field of English teaching in New China, contributed to the training of generation after generation of foreign language talent in the fields of foreign affairs, history, trade and finance, journalism, education, etc. They were all inspired by the Crooks’ spirit of selfless devotion. In the early 1960s, when the Soviet Union withdrew all their experts from China, the Crooks chose to stay. They said, “China is faced with economic difficulties. At a crucial moment like this, we can’t just leave.” So, without hesitation, they turned down the job offer from the University of Leeds.
I) The life of the Crooks in China was both ordinary and extraordinary. It was ordinary because they were always in the grass roots——a member of the Shilidian work team and a faculty member at school. It was extraordinary because they left their homeland for the Chinese revolutionary cause, to which they made an absolute commitment. The friendship between the Crooks and the Chinese people is eternal! The Chinese people will never forget what David Crook said in the 1980s:”I am confident that by the end of this country…China, which Isabel and I love, which has become our second homeland, will be creating a strong socialist society.”
 

Answer: ['C', 'D', 'F', 'A', 'G', 'I', 'H', 'B', 'E', 'I']

Question 448: What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower?

Answer: Apply it continuously.

Question 449: How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage?

Answer: Out of habit.

Question 450: What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically?

Answer: Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.

Question 451: How does the art of self-control help us succeed?

Answer: By enabling us to take positive actions.

Question 452: Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control?

Answer: We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.

Question 453: People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise.

Willpower is just like a muscle; to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success.

Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis.

The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It's easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you're passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.

The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don't contribute to your success and adopt those that do.

Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits.

Answer: ['Apply it continuously.', 'Out of habit.', 'Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.', 'By enabling us to take positive actions.', 'We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.']

Question 454: What is the main purpose of the text?

Answer: To explain gender differences in friendship.

Question 455: How does the author describe his male friends in his “movie” memories?

Answer: They don’t talk much to each other.

Question 456: After the panic at a beach in the Atlantic, the author realized that ?

Answer: Jessica was an irreplaceable friend to him

Question 457: How do men differ from women in communication style according to the text?

Answer: Men tend to be more restrained with emotional expressions.

Question 458: How did the author feel after he read Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus and other articles?

Answer: He felt relieved knowing that he was a “normal guy”.

Question 459:

When I think of my good friends, I see them in cinematic terms. The camerawork is entirely different for men and women. The "movie" memories I have of female friends are open and intimate. We are talking, interested in each other in a magnetic sort of way. They look straight into my eyes, sensitive to my feelings, listening to me with deliberate attention. In comparison, memories of male friends are in an entirely different film altogether. An action or adventure movie! Not much in the way of dialog. The ritual of motion, or the sequence of action, makes up for the deficiency of dialog and honest narrative.
 
My mind retreats back to my earliest childhood friend, Donald. I was still living in Europe at the time, and near my house was an old German truck left abandoned after the war. No wheels. No windshield. No doors. But the steering wheel was intact. Donald and I continuously "flew" to America in that truck, our "airplane". Even now, I remember our daily ritual as we flew along, across Europe, across the Atlantic, on a mission of mercy. We were innocent and inseparable, the deep security that comes between best friends. Naturally, not one word of our evident feelings for one another was ever uttered; it was all done in actions.
 
Each day, as we were flying over the Atlantic, there inevitably came that wonderful moment: "Engine failure!" I'd shout into the microphone, "We'll have to jump out." "A-a-a-a-a-!" Donald made sounds like a failing engine. Glancing at me, he'd say, "I can't swim!" "Fear not! I'll drag you to shore," I'd bravely reply. And, with that, we'd both spill out of the truck onto the dusty street. I swam through the dust. Donald drowned in the dust, coughing, "Sharks!" he cried. But I always saved him. The next day, changing roles, the elaborate drama would repeat. "I can't swim!" I'd say and Donald would save me. We saved each other from certain death hundreds of times, until finally a day came when my family really did leave for America. Donald and I stood rigid at the train station ready to say farewell. We didn't know what to say; we couldn't save each other this time. So, we just cried silently as the train pulled away.
 
These days, Jessica is one of my best friends. A recent occurrence made me reexamine and interpret my behavior in a new light. We were swimming at a beach in the Atlantic. The very Atlantic I had "flown" over in my German truck with Donald. We were far from shore when we abruptly turned back. We both thought we detected a shark! Water is not only a good conductor of electricity but of panic as well. We began splashing like crazy people toward the shore. In my panic, I suddenly realized how much I loved my friend Jessica, and what an irreplaceable friend she was. Although I was the faster swimmer, I fell back to protect her. In the end, the "shark" proved to be imaginary. But not my deep emotional feelings for my friend. It felt great back on the beach, a little scared and laughing with the excitement of being alive. We looked into each other's eyes and Jessica spontaneously said, "I love you!" "Love you too!" I replied.
 
As I spoke, I realized just how gender-based my communication styles were. With women, I could be open, emotionally honest, and transparent. With male friends, it seemed impossible to express caring feelings no matter how deep the friendship was. I could easily utter "I love you" to my mother, my sisters and girlfriends; yet not once in my life had I been able to look a male friend in the eye and say the same thing. Quite impossible! Was this just me or was every male in the world similarly cursed? Was I emotionally backward or just a "guy"? I was determined to find out!
 
Much to my relief, research shows that I am, indeed, a "normal guy". It seems that men and women have very different emotional and rational processes. Part of it is "nature" and part is "nurture". We are born with very different genetic tendencies which society encourages as either "masculine" or "feminine". These differences in behavior and communication styles were made famous by John Gray in his book Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. This book and other articles helped me realize it's OK I am the way that I am. Men do tend to be more restrained with emotional expressions. I learned that I did love all my friends – only the means of expression differs from one gender to the other. What a relief!

Answer: ['To explain gender differences in friendship.', 'They don’t talk much to each other.', 'Jessica was an irreplaceable friend to him', 'Men tend to be more restrained with emotional expressions.', 'He felt relieved knowing that he was a “normal guy”.']

Question 460: 新中国成立后，中国坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，在外交方面取得了巨大成就。

Answer: Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has persisted in its independent foreign policy of peace and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs.

Question 461: 中国始终坚持维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策的宗旨，致力于推动构建人类命运共同体。

Answer: China has always been committed to its foreign policy goals of upholding world peace and promoting common development, and is dedicated to promoting a global community of shared future.

Question 462: 在和平共处五项原则的基础上，中国正在为建设和平、繁荣、和谐的世界作出更大的努力。

Answer: On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, China is making greater efforts to build a peaceful, prosperous, and harmonious world.

Question 463: 2019年，在人民大会堂举行了中华人民共和国国家勋章和国家荣誉称号颁授仪式。

Answer: The presentation ceremony for the national medals and honorary titles of the People’s Republic of China was held at the Great Hall of the People in 2019.

Question 464: 截至2022年，中国已与181个国家建立了外交关系。

Answer: By 2022, China had established diplomatic relations with 181 countries.

Question 465: Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on Changes in the Way of Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words on the Answer Sheet.
Outlines:
1.教育方式正随科技发展而快速变革
2.教育方式的具体变化，如教育形式变化（线上线下）、注重个性化教学等等
3.总结
 

Answer: Changes in the Way of Education    In the past few decades, thanks to technological development, the way of education has been undergoing dramatic changes. Particularly in these two years, the COVID-19 pandemic which has been rapidly spreading worldwide has facilitated the popularity of more advanced way of education to a certain extent.     The major changes could be listed as follows. For one thing, the traditional teaching has been replaced by blended learning in some schools, in which the students can benefit from doing part of their learning independently in a digital environment, and part of it face to face for consolidation. For another, classroom-based courses have been changed to online courses on some occasions. Facing the severe situation caused by COVID-19, some Internet companies soon developed or updated their online teaching software, such as Zoom, Ding Talk, Tencent Meeting, etc., which helps solve the problems of long-distance learning and offers inspiration for future teaching.     In short, these changes in the way of education could arouse the students’ learning interest and initiative, thus improving the learning efficiency. It is the reflection of the progress of education 

Question 466: What did D’Agostino do during the race?

Answer: She encouraged Hamblin to finish the race.

Question 467: What has been announced after the race?

Answer: Both athletes will take part in the finals.

Question 468: 1. How many skydivers participated in the jump?

Answer: Three.

Question 469: How long were the skydivers in freefall before their parachutes opened?

Answer: For 30 seconds.

Question 470: In the man’s opinion, what is exaggerated?

Answer: That Eddie was seen as a hero.

Question 471: What happened to Eddie at the Olympics?

Answer: He came in last place.

Question 472: What do we learn about Eddie?

Answer: He was strong-willed.

Question 473: How did the man feel after his first marathon?

Answer: He believed he would never do it again.

Question 474: In marathons, what do both amateurs and professionals experience?

Answer: The cheering crowd.

Question 475: What is the most difficult thing for people who want to run?

Answer: To start running.

Question 476: Why did Lemieux live in a van?

Answer: He wanted to save money.

Question 477: Why did Lemieux leave the race halfway?

Answer: He stopped to save lives.

Question 478: What do we learn about Lemieux?

Answer: He won a medal for his actions.

Question 479: Among whom was the survey conducted?

Answer: Young people.

Question 480: What did the survey suggest?

Answer: Winning in sports is not important to most teenagers.

Question 481: What do parents and coaches care most about?

Answer: That children win in sports.

Question 482: legend

Answer: sb. who is famous and admired for being extremely good at doing sth.

Question 483: legend

Answer: sb. who is famous and admired for being extremely good at doing sth.

Question 484: commentator

Answer: sb. on television or radio who describes an event as it is happening

Question 485: commentator

Answer: sb. on television or radio who describes an event as it is happening

Question 486: margin

Answer: the amount of time, or number of votes, etc., by which sb. wins sth.

Question 487: margin

Answer: the amount of time, or number of votes, etc., by which sb. wins sth.

Question 488: individual

Answer: considered separately from other people or things in the same group

Question 489: individual

Answer: considered separately from other people or things in the same group

Question 490: stroke

Answer: move your hand gently over sth.

Question 491: stroke

Answer: move your hand gently over sth.

Question 492: publicity

Answer: the attention that sb. or sth. gets from newspapers, television, etc.

Question 493: publicity

Answer: the attention that sb. or sth. gets from newspapers, television, etc.

Question 494: crush

Answer: press sth. so hard that it breaks or is damaged

Question 495: crush

Answer: press sth. so hard that it breaks or is damaged

Question 496: gear

Answer: the special clothes and equipment that you use for a particular activity

Question 497: gear

Answer: the special clothes and equipment that you use for a particular activity

Question 498: dim

Answer: become less bright

Question 499: dim

Answer: become less bright

Question 500: magnificent

Answer: deserving praise

Question 501: magnificent

Answer: deserving praise

Question 502: insane

Answer: completely stupid or crazy, often in a way that is dangerous

Question 503: insane

Answer: completely stupid or crazy, often in a way that is dangerous

Question 504: regardless

Answer: without being affected or influenced by sth.

Question 505: regardless

Answer: without being affected or influenced by sth.

Question 506: contest

Answer: compete for sth. or try to win it

Question 507: contest

Answer: compete for sth. or try to win it

Question 508: distinction

Answer: the quality of being excellent and important

Question 509: distinction

Answer: the quality of being excellent and important

Question 510: furnish

Answer: supply or provide sth.

Question 511: furnish

Answer: supply or provide sth.

Question 512: substantial

Answer: large and strongly made

Question 513: substantial

Answer: large and strongly made

Question 514: invisible

Answer: unable to be seen

Question 515: invisible

Answer: unable to be seen

Question 516: amateur

Answer: taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job

Question 517: amateur

Answer: taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job

Question 518: contract

Answer: become smaller or narrower

Question 519: contract

Answer: become smaller or narrower

Question 520: route

Answer: a way from one place to another

Question 521: route

Answer: a way from one place to another

Question 522: brilliant

Answer: extremely bright

Question 523: brilliant

Answer: extremely bright

Question 524: concerned

Answer: worried about sth.

Question 525: concerned

Answer: worried about sth.

Question 526: welfare

Answer: the health and happiness of people

Question 527: welfare

Answer: the health and happiness of people

Question 528: assemble

Answer: put all the parts of sth. together

Question 529: assemble

Answer: put all the parts of sth. together

Question 530: It looked like that Cliff wouldn’t stop running until he reached the end of the line or became sick or got injured."

Answer: G G  " It looked like that Cliff wouldn’t stop running until he reached the end of the line or became sick or got injured."

Question 531: In all those years, he took part in many races and won a number of them, although he was getting older and not as strong as before."

Answer: L L  " In all those years, he took part in many races and won a number of them, although he was getting older and not as strong as before."

Question 532: If we are determined and well-prepared, we can become excellent and set a good example for others."

Answer: N N  "If we are determined and well-prepared, we can become excellent and set a good example for others."

Question 533: As time passed by and as Cliff kept running in his shuffling style, little by little he caught up with those who were leading the race."

Answer: H H  " As time passed by and as Cliff kept running in his shuffling style, little by little he caught up with those who were leading the race."

Question 534: The press wanted to interview Cliff for they did not know anything about him."

Answer: C C "The press wanted to interview Cliff for they did not know anything about him."

Question 535: A mild stroke put a stop to Cliff’s glorious running days."

Answer: M M  "A mild stroke put a stop to Cliff’s glorious running days."

Question 536: Cliff became more famous by giving 5 runners money and earned all the Australians’ love. "

Answer: J J  "Cliff became more famous by giving 5 runners money and earned all the Australians’ love. "

Question 537: The crowd that had gathered around thought Cliff was only there to watch the race. "

Answer: B B  "The crowd that had gathered around thought Cliff was only there to watch the race. "

Question 538: Some of the crowds laughed loudly at Cliff’s strangest running way."

Answer: G G  "Some of the crowds laughed loudly at Cliff’s strangest running way."

Question 539: The race takes as long as seven days to finish and is hard test of physical condition and strength even for the world’s top athletes who want to become famous and earn money by winning the race. "

Answer: A A  "The race takes as long as seven days to finish and is hard test of physical condition and strength even for the world’s top athletes who want to become famous and earn money by winning the race. "

Question 540:

                Cliff Young, an extraordinary runner
                （本题作答提示，在空格出填写对应段落的大写字母编号）
 
A) Considered one of the toughest marathon events in the world, the 875-kilometer annual Australian race, a route from Sydney to Melbourne, is a harsh test of endurance for the world's top athletes, regardless of their age. The young, super-fit runners train for months before a competition and are under contract to prominent sponsors like Nike and Adidas, who finance them and furnish them with a substantial support mechanism of money and equipment. The contest takes up to seven days to complete and is a challenging test of fitness and strength even for world-class athletes who compete for distinction and a cash prize.

B) On the day of the race in 1983, Cliff Young, a toothless 61-year-old farmer and amateur runner, wearing rubber boots, and much older than the other runners, was in attendance. No one paid any attention to this odd-looking man who might as well have been invisible. The assembled crowd assumed Cliff was there to observe the race. When he asserted his intention to compete, the world-class athletes around him reacted with apparent disbelief and then with disrespect. Obviously, this was some sort of publicity trick.

C) But the press was curious, so as he took his number and moved into the crush of runners in their special, expensive racing gear, the camera focused on him and the assembled reporters shouted question after question at Cliff. They asked: "Who are you?" "What are you doing?"

D)  "I'm Cliff Young. I'm from a large farm where we raise sheep outside of Melbourne."

E) They went on, "What makes you think you can run this race? It takes a week to run this race on no more than six hours of sleep a night!"

F) Cliff replied, " I've run sheep for two or three days at a time. This race should only be a couple more days than that. I believe I can do it."

G) Soon, the marathon started and the young athletes left Cliff far behind. The crowds smiled, and some laughed out loud because he didn't even run properly. He had the strangest running style; he appeared to shuffle. As the race progressed along, of course, the attention of the sports commentators and viewers alike was on the athletes at the front of the pack. Imagine everyone's surprise the next morning when the news showed Cliff was still in the race! Not only that, but he had run through the entire night without sleeping. And it seemed that he intended to keep running until he reached the finish line or fell ill or was injured as many viewers now began to fear. They were uneasy and very concerned for his welfare. Many people said and even more people thought: "Surely, someone should stop this insane old man before he really harms himself!"

H) But Cliff had no intention of stopping. Although he was still far behind the world-class athletes, he kept at it. When he got to a major town, he was asked about his plan for the rest of the race. He said he would just keep running, and he did. With every passing hour and every shuffling step, he got just a little bit closer to the race leaders. Later, he told people that throughout the race he kept focused by imagining he was gathering his sheep and trying to outrun a storm.

I) By the fifth night, he had overtaken them all. By the sixth day, he led the whole pack of runners by a wide lead. He led all the way to the finish line, smashing the record by finishing the 875-kilometer race in 5 days, 15 hours and 4 minutes – 9 hours faster than anyone before! In that instant, Cliff Young became a beloved national hero.

J) When Cliff was awarded the first prize of $10,000, he said he didn't know there was a prize and insisted that he had not entered for the money. He said, "There're five other runners still out there doing it tougher than me," and he gave them $2,000 each. He did not keep a single cent for himself. That act increased his fame and endeared him to all of Australia.

K) Cliff came to prominence again in 1997, at age 75, when he attempted to become the oldest man to run around Australia and raise money for homeless children.

L) For the rest of his life, Cliff kept running. Over the years, despite increasing age and physical challenges, he participated in many races and won a number of them. It was said that Cliff Young never kept a single prize. People gave him watches because he never had one. He would thank them because he did not want to hurt their feelings, but then gave them away to the first child he saw. He said, "I don't need a watch. I know when it's daylight, when it's dark, and when I'm hungry."

M) His love for running never dimmed, but in the year 2000, he suffered a mild stroke that ended his heroic running days. Cliff Young, the running legend, passed away on November 2, 2003. He was 81.

N) To this day, Cliff Young remains a magnificent reminder and brilliant example of how ordinary individuals can inherently achieve remarkable results. As the famous saying goes, "Where there's a will, there's a way!" With determination and preparation, we can achieve distinction and be a brilliant example to others.

Answer: ['G', 'L', 'N', 'H', 'C', 'M', 'J', 'B', 'G', 'A']

Question 541: What does the passage mainly discuss regarding scientific research?

Answer: Its funding.

Question 542: What do we learn from the passage about researchers like birdwatchers and rock collectors?

Answer: They can do research with limited resources.

Question 543: What would scientific studies look like in a perfect world according to the author?

Answer: They would be totally unbiased.

Question 544: What does the author say about companies and special interest groups?

Answer: They provide valuable resources for scientific research.

Question 545: What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups?

Answer: Its validity should be checked with additional care.

Question 546: Today, most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development, and non-profit foundations. As a society, we reap the rewards from this science, but we also help pay for it. You indirectly support science through taxes you pay, products and services you purchase, and donations you make.

Funding for science has changed with the times. Historically, science has been largely supported through private patronage (资助), church sponsorship, or simply paying for the research yourself. Today, researchers are likely to be funded by a mix of grants from various government agencies, institutions, and foundations. Other research is funded by private companies. Such corporate sponsorship is widespread in some fields. Almost 75% of U.S. clinical trials in medicine are paid for by private companies. And, of course, some researchers today still fund small-scale studies out of their own pockets. Most of us can't afford to do nuclear research as a private hobby, but birdwatchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget.

In a perfect world, money wouldn't matter —— all scientific studies would be completely objective. But in the real world, funding may introduce biases. Drug research sponsored by the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry is more likely to end up favoring the drug under consideration than studies sponsored by government grants or charitable organizations. Similarly, nutrition research sponsored by the food industry is more likely to end up favoring the food under consideration than independently funded research.

So what should we make of all this? Should we ignore any research funded by companies or special interest groups? Certainly not. These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research. Furthermore, science has many safeguards in place to catch instances of bias that affect research outcomes. Ultimately, misleading results will be corrected as science proceeds; however, this process takes time. Meanwhile, it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care. Are the results consistent with other independently funded studies? What do other scientists have to say about this research? A little examination can go a long way towards identifying bias associated with the funding source.

Answer: ['Its funding.', 'They can do research with limited resources.', 'They would be totally unbiased.', 'They provide valuable resources for scientific research.', 'Its validity should be checked with additional care.']

Question 547: What does the author say is the greatest responsibility of parents, teachers, and coaches?

Answer: Keeping young people mentally and physically healthy.

Question 548: According to the author, what should we do if we are defeated?

Answer: Be generous.

Question 549: What does the author want to show by mentioning lemons and honey?

Answer: In order to know the real meaning of something, you have to experience it.

Question 550: What does the quotation "It's not whether you win or lose. It's how you play the game" (Para. 4) imply?

Answer: You should try your best in the game.

Question 551: What can sports do to less naturally talented athletes according to the author?

Answer: Encourage them to perform as best as they can.

Question 552: The leaders of tomorrow are shaped and molded in the here and now. As the Roman poet, Juvenal, famously said, "A healthy mind is to be found in a healthy body." For parents, teachers, and coaches, there is no greater responsibility than sustaining the mental and physical health of our young people.
 
Growing children need inspiration and physical stimulation. Team sports are a great way to provide these attributes! More than just entertainment, through sports young people learn critical skills that will serve them well in their adult lives. The ability to work toward a common goal underlines the value of teamwork. Being both humble in victory and generous in defeat emphasizes the mutual obligation of graceful manners in all human interactions. The lessons our youth learn will stay with them all their lives, and there is no better place to assist this learning than on the playing field.
 
Of course, the most critical lessons youngsters receive are those that they are taught by their parents and teachers. Nevertheless, many lessons remain abstract concepts until they are made real by life experiences. You can talk about how bitter lemons are or how sweet honey is. However, until you actually taste lemons and honey you cannot experience the true meaning of "bitter" and "sweet". Knowledge comes from the application of ideas in the experience of real life. Strategy, teamwork, and cooperation are crucial concepts that can be best learned and understood through sports. Team sports give children a natural place to work hard and learn valuable life lessons.
 
Naturally, those who are inherently talented will spend more time on the field and will achieve fame. They have the opportunity to develop leadership skills and earn the respect of their team members. However, the benefits of participating in team sports are not dependent on natural ability. Youth need not be stars to benefit from team membership. It doesn't matter whether they are gifted at their chosen sport. As a famous American sportswriter said, "It's not whether you win or lose. It's how you play the game."
 
Sports can inspire and encourage the less naturally talented athletes to be their best. What is missing in natural talent can be overcome through hard work, practice, and learning from the example of others. Those lacking in talent should never be envious, and they may learn more about the real world than the gifted players because they learn early on that there are no free rides and they will have to make continuous effort if they want to achieve in this world. Through sports, they will learn the value of individual hard work and even greater value of cooperation and teamwork. They will also learn the fundamental importance of planning and preparation for the positive outcome of their life's ambitions. These are all lessons that will be valuable to them throughout their entire lives, both in their careers and their personal lives.
 

Answer: ['Keeping young people mentally and physically healthy.', 'Be generous.', ' In order to know the real meaning of something, you have to experience it.', 'You should try your best in the game.', 'Encourage them to perform as best as they can.']

Question 553: 多年来，尽管年纪越来越大，身体状况也不如从前，但是他还是参加了许多比赛，并赢得了其中的多次比赛。

Answer: Over the years, despite increasing age and physical challenges, he participated in many races and won a number of them.

Question 554: 没有人注意到这个外表古怪的老头，他就跟个隐身人差不多。

Answer: No one paid any attention to this odd-looking man who might as well have been invisible.

Question 555: 太极拳既可用于防身，又能强身健体，因而深受中国人民和世界人民的喜爱。

Answer: Tai Chi can be used for self-defense as well as building one's body. Therefore, it has become very popular among people both in China and around the world.

Question 556: 太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人。

Answer: With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for anyone, whatever their age, gender, or biuld.

Question 557: 太极拳（Tai Chi）是一种武术，也是一种健身运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。

Answer: Tai Chi is a martial art and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China.

Question 558:

Directions: Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to inform them about the details, and encourage them to participate.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words on the Answer Sheet.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. 
Outlines:
1. 信件开头：告知慈善义卖活动。
2. 描述活动细节：举行时间，地点，活动内容等等。
3. 总结并呼吁大家积极参与。

Answer: My dear classmates，May I have your attention, please? On the evening of January 4th, 2013, namely, this Friday night, we will hold a charity sale at the school auditorium for the purpose of helping the children who need help.Those kids who come from remote areas lack proper and fine education. Our assistance can improve their lives and even may change their destinies. Some stars, local industrial bosses and all the staff of our school will attend the activity.I trust that everyone has a kind heart and believe that our help can really make a big difference. Thank you very much for your kindness and I am looking forward to seeing you on time.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

https://oneman.site/subPage/BiJi/itest.html